Special guidance for reconstitution of TGF beta family including activins, BMPs and GDF-15

TGF beta family proteins and other growth factors can be very poorly soluble in physiological solutions. Please follow the handling guidance for lyophilized cytokines below to minimize loss of protein due to precipitation or adsorption to plastic. We advise storing the recombinant protein at very low pH before dilution in cell culture media or final working solutions. Low pH will also assist in maintaining the correct disulfide structure of the protein by minimizing disulfide bond exchange reactions. Resuspension in physiological buffers may cause precipitation of stock solutions, hence we recommend dissolving our lyophilized cytokines in 10 mM HCl (1:1000 dilution of concentrated HCl) while keeping the protein concentration at 50 µg/ml or above, in order to avoid loss by adsorption to plasticware. To ensure you recover all of the protein, let the sample sit for a few minutes with the solubilization buffer at room temperature and pipette gently up and down (avoid foaming). Rinse the tube with some more 10 mM HCl and pool with the rest. The protein is tolerant of some freeze and thaw cycles, but as always with proteins, it is better to aliquot and store frozen. Our proteins are…

Recombinant human GDF-11 (BMP-11) protein (Qk126)

Product: Qk126 Category: Coming soon

Price range: £250.00 through £3,190.00

Recombinant human GDF-11 (BMP-11) protein (Qk126) image

Growth differentiation factor -11 (GDF-11) also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, a group of proteins that play key roles in regulating cell growth, survival and differentiation. GDF-11 plays a key role in cardiac and neuronal development.

Qkine animal origin-free recombinant GDF-11 (BMP-11) protein will be available soon – email ryan.weber@matriqx.com for updates.

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Orders are typically shipped same or next day (except Friday).

Easy world-wide ordering, direct or through our distributors.

Price range: £250.00 through £3,190.00

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1000 µg will be dispatched as 2 x 500 µg.

Buy online with secure credit card or purchase order. For any questions, please email ryan.weber@matriqx.com

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We are a company founded and run by scientists to provide a service and support innovation in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. All our products are exceptionally high purity, with complete characterisation and bioactivity analysis on every lot.

Protein background

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth differentiation factors (GDFs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. BMPs and GDFs form a family of cystine-knot cytokines which display morphogenetic activities in the development of a wide range of tissues. Existing as homodimers or heterodimers, they have tissue specific functions including the development of bone, kidney, and cardiac tissues [1].

GDF-11/BMP-11 has a high degree of homology to GDF-8/myostatin [1, 2], and is a key regulator of cell growth and differentiation during muscular and neural development. Both GDF-11/BMP-11 and GDF-8/myostatin bind to the activin type 2 receptors and recruit ALK4 or ALK5 to activate Smad2/3 signaling [2]. GDF-11/BMP-11 has also been shown to recruit ALK7 or ALK1 to activate Smad1/5/9 which may be responsible for the difference in signaling and developmental responses [2].

Circulating GDF-11/BMP-11 levels decrease with age, highlighting it as a possible therapeutic in age-related diseases [3]. Recombinant GDF-11/BMP-11 has pro-myogenic effects in skeletal muscle and anti-hypertrophic effects in the heart and beneficial effects on neurogenesis and neuronal function [4] leading to therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of stroke [3]. It increases proliferation in aged satellite cells, an effect not seen with GDF-8/myostatin or TGF-β1 [4]. In studies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) recombinant GDF-11/BMP-11 dose-dependently decreased adipogenesis by activating Smad2/3‐dependent TGF‐beta signalling pathway, a process which could be reversed with ALK4/5 inhibitors [5]. GDF-11/BMP-11 has also been shown to decrease both osteoblast [6] and chondrocyte differentiation [7], making it a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis and fracture healing.

Background references

[1] Rider CC, Mulloy B. Bone morphogenetic protein and growth differentiation factor cytokine families and their protein antagonists. Biochem J. (2010). doi: 10.1042/BJ20100305.
[2] Suh J, Lee YS. Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin. Exp Mol Med. (2020). doi: 10.1038/s12276-020-00516-4
[3] Hudobenko J, Ganesh BP, Jiang J, Mohan EC, Lee S, Sheth S, Morales D, Zhu L, Kofler JK, Pautler RG, McCullough LD, Chauhan A. Growth differentiation factor-11 supplementation improves survival and promotes recovery after ischemic stroke in aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) (2020). doi: 10.18632/aging.103122
[4] Sinha M, Jang YC, Oh J, Khong D, Wu EY, Manohar R, Miller C, Regalado SG, Loffredo FS, Pancoast JR, Hirshman MF, Lebowitz J, Shadrach JL, Cerletti M, Kim MJ, Serwold T, Goodyear LJ, Rosner B, Lee RT, Wagers AJ. Restoring systemic GDF11 levels reverses age-related dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle. Science (2014). doi: 10.1126/science.1251152
[5] Luo H, Guo Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zheng R, Ban Y, Peng L, Yuan Q, Liu W. Growth differentiation factor 11 inhibits adipogenic differentiation by activating TGF-beta/Smad signalling pathway. Cell Prolif. (2019). doi: 10.1111/cpr.12631
[6] Liu W, Zhou L, Zhou C, Zhang S, Jing J, Xie L, Sun N, Duan X, Jing W, Liang X, Zhao H, Ye L, Chen Q, Yuan Q. GDF11 decreases bone mass by stimulating osteoclastogenesis and inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. Nat Commun. (2016). doi: 10.1038/ncomms12794
[7] Zheng R, Xie L, Liu W, Guo Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Luo H, Kang N, Yuan Q. Recombinant growth differentiation factor 11 impairs fracture healing through inhibiting chondrocyte differentiation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. (2019). doi: 10.1111/nyas.13994